2016 Waec gce Agricultural Science Essay and obj Expo

Agricultural science
Objective

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3a) NAME OF DESEASE : ONION TWISTER
CROP AFFECTED: ONIONS

i). CAUSATIVE ORGANISM:
FUNGUS /(GLOMERELLA CINGU LATA)

ii). MODE OF TRANSMISSION: TRANSMITTED MAINLY BY RAIN SPLASH

iii). SYMPTOMS / DAMAGE DONE:
TWISTING AND CURLING OF THE LEAVES AND THE FALSE STEM WHICH LATER CHANGE FROM THE NORMAL DARK GREEN COLOUR TO YELLOWISH GREEN.
THE NECK OF AFFECTED PLANTS BECOME ABNORMALLY LONG WHILE BULBS ARE NARROW AND ELONGATED BULBS ROT RAPIDLY IN STORE.

iv). TWO CONTROL:
1. EARLY PLANTING
2. DESTRUCTING OF INFECTED PLANTS
3. SPRAYING WITH FUNGICIDES SUCH AS BENLATE AND DELSENE M.


3B

-low yield.


-low income.


-decrease in market value price.

-damages the crops resistance to diseases

-reduces quality


3c)
i)Select boars that are free from defects
ii)grow faster than average
iii)have less backfat than the average of the breed
iv)have eaten less feed than average to reach a specific weight.

3d)
i)Good for maternal and rotational crossbreeding
ii)Docility and ease of management
iii)Lower wintering cost
iv)Early maturity and longevity


1ai)They help to educate the farmers on new farming techniques

ii) They help provide agricultural shows and talks to the farmers

iii) They help to provide improved seedlings to the farmers

iv) They help to provide pesticides to the farmers

v) They help to train the farmers on better planting methods as newly developed

1di)

i) The knapsack sprayer is used for applying pesticide to the crops

ii) The knapsack sprayer is used for applying fertilizer to the soil


1b)

ADVANTAGES
i)The land can be used as collateral for agricultural loans

ii)Mechanised agriculture can be profitably practised



DISADVANTAGES
i)Land is not readily available to everybody

ii)Land is not usually sold out because some feel that it will rob future generations of the opportunity to inherit it



1ci)Availability of water
ii)Drainage situation
iii)Topography
iv)Distance

1dii)
Cultivators.
Harrow.
Planks and rollers


2a)The soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity in soils. pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the activity of hydronium ions (H+ or, more precisely, H.

2b)
i. Inefficient Use Of Nitrogen.
ii. Increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil
iii. removal of product from the farm or paddock
iv. build up in organic matter

2c) i. Agricultural Limestone.
ii. Wood ashes.
iii. Organic matter

(2d)
-Cowpea: Grain legumes-These crops are rich in protein
-Amaranthus:Vegetable crops-These crops provide vitamins
and minerals
-Oil palm: Oil crops-These crops provide oil when processed
for domestic and industrial use
-Coconut: Oil crops-These crops provide oil when processed
for domestic and industrial use
-Cassava: Root and tuber crops-These crops produce tubers
under the ground and they provide arbonhydrate
-Maize: Cereal crops-This crops belong to the grass family and
they provide carbonhydrate
-Soya bean: Grain legumes-These crops are rich in protein
-Cocoa: Beverage crops-They provide food drinks when
processed
-Pepper: Spices-They provide vitamins and minerals
-Plantain: Fruit crops-They also provide vitamins and mineral


2e) *note underline each word beneath *
I) Vigna unguiculata
ii)Hevea brasiliensis
iii) Elaeis guineensis
iv)Dioscorea alata
v) Theobroma cacao


(6a)
(i)he must be persuasive
(ii)he must be approachable
(iii)he must pass government policy to the farmers
(iv)he must be knowledgeable

(6bi)
Advantages:
-the farmer receives more attention from the agent.
-the farmer gets information faster through the use of telephone
disadvantages:
-it waste a lot of time
-many farmers cannot e reached

(6bii)
advantages:
-it saves cost and time
-it is not as tedious as in personal contact
disadvantages:
-the unserious ones can discourage others
-shortage of extension workers to reach many groups

(6c)
these are laws promulgated by the government in form of decrees, edicts and bye laws to prevent people from exploiting the forest at will, that is helps to conserve or preserve trees.

6d.
-Protective Gear/Clothing should be uses. -Odors from the production can have adverse effect,protective nose covering should be used. -considering the soil type to be used to avoid crowning. -avoid bluising of bee hives whenever allowed for fresh airair


4a)
i)availability of good feeds
ii)Good weather and climatic conditions
iii)Low attack by diseases

4b)
area of deep liter
=20x100
=2000m^2
white legtherm for square = 200/3
=666.67m
=667legtherm

4c)
Artificial insemination (AI) is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's uterus or cervix for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse.

4d)
1.Ability to check quality of semen before breeding
2.positive control of reproductive disease
3. Save time
4.Eliminate social problems of sire or dam
5.Ability to breed more often
6.proven higher conception rates
7.proven larger litter sizes

4e)
Floriculture,or flower farming, is a discipline of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and for floristry, comprising the floral industry.

4f)
(1) Crotalaria
(2) Whistling pine
(3) Allamanda
(4)Hibiscus



5A)

ADVANTAGES
i)It can be used for most crops
ii)Less land is taken out of production
iii)It is suitable for land of all kinds of topography


DISADVANTAGES:
1. It is expensive.
2. It requires a steady source of water supply.
3. It requires high power to operate.

5b).
i). It provides soil with water and overcomes drought
ii). It leads to increase in productive land, such as salty areas that may be leached away with irrigation water to make it suitable for production.
iii). It provides pastures for livestock during the dry season.
iv). It leads to increase in farmers income.


5c)Farm budgeting is a process of estimating
costs, returns and net profit of a farm or a
particular enterprise. Budget is a statement
of estimated income and expenditure.


(5d)
(i)Salvage value=D30,000
(ii)Useful life of the tractor=10years
(iii)Total depreciation=cost price - salvage value
=D200,000-D30,000
=D170,000

(iv)
Annual depreciation=cost price-salvage value/lifespan
=D200000-D30000/10yrs
=D170000/10
=D17000